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AroCell TK 210 ELISA is a laboratory-based immunoassay that measures thymidine kinase 1 (TK1) levels in blood. TK1 is an enzyme associated with DNA synthesis and cell proliferation, making it a valuable biomarker for assessing tumor activity.<\/p>\n
TK1 is a well-established biomarker associated with cell proliferation. Elevated TK1 levels are linked to increased tumor activity, making it a valuable tool for monitoring cancer progression and treatment response.<\/p>\n
Thymidine kinase 1 (TK1) is an enzyme involved in DNA synthesis. Its expression increases during active cell division and is typically elevated in proliferating tumor cells.<\/p>\n
Measurement of TK1 levels provides insight into tumor biology, including:<\/p>\n
AroCell TK 210 ELISA supports clinicians in:<\/p>\n
Understanding tumor proliferation is key to effective cancer management.<\/p>\n
By providing quantitative data on cell turnover, AroCell TK 210 ELISA supports clinicians in making more informed decisions regarding treatment and follow-up strategies.<\/p>\n
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TK1 biology: TK1 has been shown to be both a prognostic and treatment predictive marker, particularly useful for advanced prostatecancer. AroCell TK 210 ELISA provides valuable information that can be used for predicting and monitoring patients to help clinicians to optimize treatment.<\/p>\n
Thymidine kinase is an enzyme that is exclusively produced by proliferating cells. This is similar to KI-67 and PCNA, tissue biomarkers that are universally used tissue markers and established to reflect tumor cell proliferation.<\/p>\n
Thymidine kinase can be measured as enzyme activity or as protein concentrations. Thymidine kinase is not necessarily enzymatically active (Bitter et al., PMID 33292474), resulting in activity assay results may differ from estimations of thymidine kinase levels using various antibodies (Jagarlamudi et al PMID36201558). The activity of the enzyme is controlled allosterically by levels of dTTP and enzyme activity is a ected by post-translational modifications such as phosphorylation of serine residues (Munch-Petersen B et al., Human thymidine kinase 1. Regulation in normal and malignant cells. Adv Enzyme Regul. 1995;35:69\u201389).<\/p>\n
In serum from patients with solid tumors, activity assays may differ from measurements using the AroCell TK 210 ELISA. It has been reported that TK 210 ELISA had higher sensitivity (59% and 44%) compared to enzymatic measurments (47% and 25%) is breast and prostate cancer sera (Jagarlamudi et al PMID36201558). It has also been demonstrated that factors may be present in serum that may inhibit TK1 enzymatic activity (Concentration of thymidine kinase 1 in serum (S-TK1) is a more sensitive proliferation marker in human solid tumors than its activity. He Q, Zhang P, Zou L, Li H, Wang X, Zhou S, Fornander T, Skog S. Oncol Rep. 2005 Oct;14(4):1013-9).<\/p>\n
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In bladder cancer, biomarkers that reflect tumor biology can complement traditional diagnostic tools. TK1 measurement provides additional insights into tumor cell activity, supporting a more complete understanding of disease progression and patient status.<\/p>\n
AroCell TK 210 ELISA is designed for routine laboratory use and can be easily integrated into existing diagnostic workflows.<\/p>\n
It is suitable for:<\/p>\n
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The application of the AroCell TK 210 ELISA and the use of TK1 have been successfully used and described in several publications.<\/p>\n
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The application of the AroCell TK 210 ELISA and the use of TK1 have been successfully used and described in several publications.<\/p>\n
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1.\u00a0Zhou,\u202fJ.\u202fet\u202fal.\u202f(2013).\u202fThe\u202fProliferation\u202fMarker\u202fThymidine\u202fKinase\u202f1\u202fin\u202fClinical\u202fUse.<\/a>\u202fReview. Molecular and Clinical Oncology 1:\u202f28.<\/p>\n 2.\u00a0Alegre,\u202fM.M.\u202fet\u202fal.\u202f(2012).\u202fThymidine\u202fKinase\u202f1\u202fUpregulation\u202fis\u202fan\u202fEarly\u202fEvent\u202fin\u202fBreast\u202fTumor Formation.<\/a>\u202fJournal\u202fof\u202fOncology. Volume 2012, Article ID 575647, \u202f5\u202fpages.<\/p>\n 3. Guan,\u202fH.\u202fet\u202fal.\u202f(2009).\u202fThymidine\u202fKinase\u202f1\u202fExpression in Atypical Ductal Hyperplasia Significantly Differs from Usual Ductal Hyperplasia and Ductal Carcinoma In-Situ: A Useful Tool in Tumor \u202fTherapy Management.<\/a> Mol Med Rep.\u202f2(6):\u202f923-9.<\/p>\n 4.\u00a0Alegre,\u202fM.M.\u202fet\u202fal.\u202f(2013).\u202fThymidine\u202fKinase\u202f1:\u202fA\u202fUniversal\u202fMarker\u202ffor\u202fCancer<\/a>. Cancer and Clinical Oncology. 2(1):\u202f2013.<\/p>\n 5. Bj\u00f6hle,\u202f J. et al. (2013). Serum thymidine kinase activity compared with CA 15-3 in locally advanced and metastatic breast cancer within a randomized trial.<\/a>\u202fBreast Cancer Res Treat. 139(3):\u202f751-8.<\/p>\n 6. Chen,\u202fF.\u202fet\u202fal.\u202f(2013). Serum thymidine kinase 1 levels predict cancer-free survival following neoadjuvant, surgical and adjuvant treatment of patients with locally advanced breast cancer.<\/a> Molecular and Clinical Oncology.\u202f 1:\u202f894-902.<\/p>\n 7. He,\u202fQ.\u202fet\u202fal.\u202f(2006).\u202fThymidine kinase 1 in serum predicts increased risk of distant or loco-regional recurrence following surgery in patients with early breast cancer.<\/a>\u202f Anticancer Research 26: 4753-4760.<\/p>\n 8. Jagarlamudi,\u202fK.K.\u202fet\u202fal.\u202f(2015).\u202fBreast and prostate cancer patients differ significantly in their serum Thymidine kinase 1 (TK1) specific activities compared with those hematological malignancies and blood donors: implications of using serum TK1 as a biomarker.<\/a> BMC Cancer 15:66.<\/p>\n 9. Kumar,\u202fJ.K.\u202fet\u202fal.\u202f(2016).\u202fA clinical evaluation of the TK 210 ELISA in sera from breast cancer patients demonstrates high sensitivity and specificity in all stages of disease<\/a>. Tumor Biology. 37: 11937.<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_accordion_item][et_pb_accordion_item title=”Prostate” open=”off” _builder_version=”4.21.2″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n Serum Markers as predictors for treatment benefit in castration-resistant prostate cancer. Elevated Levels of Serum Thymidine Kinase 1 Predict Poor Survival for Patients with Metastatic Prostate Cancer. Murtola TJ, Siltari A, Raittinen P, Tammela TLJ, Linder S, Csizmarik A, Kramer G, Szarvas T. <\/p>\n [\/et_pb_accordion_item][et_pb_accordion_item title=”Breast” _builder_version=”4.21.2″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}” open=”off”]<\/p>\n A clinical evaluation of the TK 210 ELISA in sera from breast cancer patients demonstrates high sensitivity and specificity in all stages of disease. [\/et_pb_accordion_item][et_pb_accordion_item title=”DLBCL” _builder_version=”4.21.2″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}” open=”off”]<\/p>\n 18. Jaffe ES, Harris NL, Stein H, et al., editors. World Health Organization classification of tumours. Pathology and genetics of tumours of haematopoietic and lymphoid tissue. Lyon: IARC Press; 2001.<\/p>\n 19.\u00a0A predictive model for aggressive non-Hodgkin\u2019s lymphoma.<\/a> The International Non-Hodgkin\u2019s Lymphoma Prognostic Factors Project. N\u202fEngl\u202fJ Med\u202f1993; 329:987\u2013994.<\/p>\n 20.\u00a0Sehn\u202fLH, Berry B,\u202fChhanabhai\u202fM, et al. The revised International Prognostic Index (R-IPI) is a better predictor of outcome than the standard IPI for patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma treated with R-CHOP<\/a>. Blood 2007;109;1857\u20131861.<\/p>\n
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